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Comparative study on the efficiency and environmental impact of two methods of utilizing polyvinyl chloride waste based on life cycle assessments

WU Yuehui,WANG Guoliang,WANG Zhen,LIU Yi,GU Ping,SUN Dezhi

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 451-462 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0614-0

摘要： Two processes of utilizing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) waste, an incineration process and a vacuum pyrolysis process, for energy conversion were compared to determine their efficiency and environmental performance. We carried out a life cycle assessment with each of the two processes to evaluate their environmental impact and defined the goals and limits of our remit. As well, we established an inventory of PVC waste from incineration and vacuum pyrolysis based on process analysis, data collection and calculations. The results show that electrical power output per unit mass of PVC waste in the incineration process was twice as high as that of the vacuum pyrolysis process. Incineration had a larger total environmental impact potential than vacuum pyrolysis. The total environmental impact potential of PVC waste from incineration was three times higher than that from vacuum pyrolysis. Incineration of PVC disposed 300 ng·100 kg of dioxins and vacuum pyrolysis 98.19 ng·100 kg of dioxins. As well, we analyzed the data for their uncertainty with results quantified in terms of three uncertainties: basic uncertainty, additional uncertainty, and computational uncertainty. The coefficients of variation of the data were less than 25% and the quality of the inventory data was acceptable with low uncertainty. Both PVC waste disposal processes were of similar quality and their results comparable. The results of our life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) showed considerable reliability of our methodology. Overall, the vacuum pyrolysis process has a number advantages and greater potential for development of PVC disposal than the incineration process.

关键词： polyvinyl chloride waste     utilization     incineration process     vacuum pyrolysis process     life cycle assessment    

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Effects of temperature on pyrolysis products of oil sludge

LIU Jianguo, SONG Wei, NIE Yongfeng

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 8-14 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0030-z

摘要： Temperature is the determining factor of pyrolysis, which is one of the alternative technologies for oil sludge treatment. The effects of final operating temperature ranging from 350 to 550°C on pyrolysis products of oil sludge were studied in an externally-heating fixed bed reactor. With an increase of temperature, the mass fraction of solid residues, liquids, and gases in the final product is 67.00%–56.00%, 25.60%–32.35%, and 7.40%–11.65%, and their corresponding heat values are 34.4–13.8 MJ/kg, 44.41–46.6 MJ/kg, and 23.94–48.23 MJ/Nm, respectively. The mass and energy tend to shift from solid to liquid and gas phase (especially to liquid phase) during the process, and the optimum temperature for oil sludge pyrolysis is 500°C. The liquid phase is mainly composed of alkane and alkene (C–C), and the gas phase is dominantly HC and H.

关键词： sludge treatment     corresponding     Temperature     liquid     process    

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Integrated adsorption and absorption process for post-combustion CO

Gongkui Xiao, Penny Xiao, Andrew Hoadley, Paul Webley

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 483-492 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1964-3

摘要： This study explored the feasibility of integrating an adsorption and solvent scrubbing process for post-combustion CO capture from a coal-fired power plant. This integrated process has two stages: the first is a vacuum swing adsorption (VSA) process using activated carbon as the adsorbent, and the second stage is a solvent scrubber/stripper system using monoethanolamine (30 wt-%) as the solvent. The results showed that the adsorption process could enrich CO in the flue gas from 12 to 50 mol-% with a CO recovery of >90%, and the concentrated CO stream fed to the solvent scrubber had a significantly lower volumetric flowrate. The increased CO concentration and reduced feed flow to the absorption section resulted in significant reduction in the diameter of the solvent absorber, bringing the size of the absorber from uneconomically large to readily achievable domain. In addition, the VSA process could also remove most of the oxygen initially existed in the feed gas, alleviating the downstream corrosion and degradation problems in the absorption section. The findings in this work will reduce the technical risks associated with the state-of-the art solvent absorption technology for CO capture and thus accelerate the deployment of such technologies to reduce carbon emissions.

关键词： vacuum swing adsorption     monoethanolamine     post-combustion     CO2 capture     integrated process    

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Recent advances in the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass

Changwei HU, Yu YANG, Jia LUO, Pan PAN, Dongmei TONG, Guiying LI

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 188-193 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-1015-6

摘要： Biomass is considered as a renewable and alternative resource for the production of fuels and chemicals, since it is the only carbon and hydrogen containing resource that we can find in the world except for fossil resources, capable of being converted to hydrocarbons. The pyrolytic liquefaction of biomass is a promising way to convert biomass to useful products. This paper briefly surveys the present status of the direct catalytic pyrolysis for the liquefaction of biomass. The direct use of catalysts could decrease the pyrolysis temperature, increase the conversion of biomass and the yield of bio-oil, and change the distribution of the pyrolytic liquid products then improve the quality of the bio-oil obtained. The fact that biomass is in solid state present great challenges for its conversion and for the effective use of catalysts due to the bad heat transfer characteristics and bad mass transfer properties. These barriers appeal for the development of a new catalyst and new catalytic process as well as the integration of both. Process design and process intensification are of significant importance in the catalytic conversion of biomass.

关键词： biomass     liquefaction     catalysis     bio-oil     process intensification    

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Lateral displacement of soft ground under vacuum pressure and surcharge load

Chin-Yee ONG, Jin-Chun CHAI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 239-248 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0110-1

摘要： Surcharge load (e.g. embankment fill) will induce settlement and outward lateral displacement, while vacuum pressure will induce settlement and inward lateral displacement of a ground. Ideally, combination of surcharge load and vacuum pressure can reduce or minimize the lateral displacement. Laboratory large scale model (length: 1.50 m, width: ~0.62 m, height: 0.85 m) tests and finite element analyses (FEA) were conducted to investigate the main influencing factors on lateral displacement of a soft clayey ground under the combination of vacuum pressure and surcharge load. For the conditions investigated, the results indicate that the outward lateral displacement increases with the increase of the ratio of surcharge load to vacuum pressure ( ) and the loading rate of the surcharge load ( ). Also, it is shown that for a given and condition, lateral displacement reduces with the increase of the initial undrained shear strength ( ) of the ground. To predict the lateral displacement of a ground under the combination of surcharge load and vacuum pressure, the loading conditions in terms of and , and value of the ground have to be considered.

关键词： vacuum consolidation     lateral displacement     PVD     finite element analysis     surcharge load    

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Numerical study of conduction and radiation heat losses from vacuum annulus in parabolic trough receivers

Dongqiang LEI, Yucong REN, Zhifeng WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 1048-1059 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0670-7

摘要： Parabolic trough receiver is a key component to convert solar energy into thermal energy in the parabolic trough solar system. The heat loss of the receiver has an important influence on the thermal efficiency and the operating cost of the power station. In this paper, conduction and radiation heat losses are analyzed respectively to identify the heat loss mechanism of the receiver. A 2-D heat transfer model is established by using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method for rarefied gas flow and heat transfer within the annulus of the receiver to predict the conduction heat loss caused by residual gases. The numerical results conform to the experimental results, and show the temperature of the glass envelope and heat loss for various conditions in detail. The effects of annulus pressure, gas species, temperature of heat transfer fluid, and annulus size on the conduction and radiation heat losses are systematically analyzed. Besides, the main factors that cause heat loss are analyzed, providing a theoretical basis for guiding the improvement of receiver, as well as the operation and maintenance strategy to reduce heat loss.

关键词： parabolic trough receiver     vacuum annulus     rarefied gas     DSMC (direct simulation Monte Carlo)     heat loss    

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Thermodynamic analysis of reaction pathways and equilibrium yields for catalytic pyrolysis of naphtha

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第12期   页码 1700-1712 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2207-6

摘要： The chain length and hydrocarbon type significantly affect the production of light olefins during the catalytic pyrolysis of naphtha. Herein, for a better catalyst design and operation parameters optimization, the reaction pathways and equilibrium yields for the catalytic pyrolysis of C5–8 n/iso/cyclo-paraffins were analyzed thermodynamically. The results revealed that the thermodynamically favorable reaction pathways for n/iso-paraffins and cyclo-paraffins were the protolytic and hydrogen transfer cracking pathways, respectively. However, the formation of light paraffin severely limits the maximum selectivity toward light olefins. The dehydrogenation cracking pathway of n/iso-paraffins and the protolytic cracking pathway of cyclo-paraffins demonstrated significantly improved selectivity for light olefins. The results are thus useful as a direction for future catalyst improvements, facilitating superior reaction pathways to enhance light olefins. In addition, the equilibrium yield of light olefins increased with increasing the chain length, and the introduction of cyclo-paraffin inhibits the formation of light olefins. High temperatures and low pressures favor the formation of ethylene, and moderate temperatures and low pressures favor the formation of propylene. n-Hexane and cyclohexane mixtures gave maximum ethylene and propylene yield of approximately 49.90% and 55.77%, respectively. This work provides theoretical guidance for the development of superior catalysts and the selection of proper operation parameters for the catalytic pyrolysis of C5–8 n/iso/cyclo-paraffins from a thermodynamic point of view.

关键词： naphtha     catalytic pyrolysis     reaction pathway     equilibrium yield    

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interconnected nano-channels into polyvinylidene fluoride membranes for desalination applications by vacuum

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第9期   页码 1162-1182 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2276-6

摘要： In the present research, for the first time, lycopodium as a novel nanofiller was incorporated into a polyvinylidene fluoride matrix to fabricate lycopodium/polyvinylidene fluoride flat-sheet membrane for desalination applications by vacuum membrane distillation process. The prepared lycopodium/polyvinylidene fluoride membranes and lycopodium were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, energy dispersive X-ray, and mapping analyses. Water contact angle and liquid entry pressure measurements were also performed. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize membrane structure and performance. The optimized lycopodium/polyvinylidene fluoride membrane exhibits superior performance compared to the neat polyvinylidene fluoride membrane in terms of flux, salt rejection, water contact angle, and hydrophobicity. In vacuum membrane distillation experiments, using a 15000 ppm NaCl solution as a feed at 70 °C, the neat polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, optimum membrane, and agglomerated membrane (with high lycopodium loading) demonstrated 3.80, 25.20, and 14.83 LMH flux and 63.30%, 99.99%, 99.96% salt rejection, respectively. This improvement in flux and salt rejection of the optimized membrane was related to the presence of lycopodium with hydrophobic nature and interconnected nano-channels in membrane structure. It was found that lycopodium, as the most hydrophobic material, effectively influences the membrane performance and structure for membrane distillation applications.

关键词： lycopodium     hydrophobicity     vacuum membrane distillation     desalination    

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Novel methods by using non-vacuum insulated tubing to extend the lifetime of the tubing

Chenglong ZHOU,Guojin ZHU,Yongxiang XU,Jifei YU,Xiaoliang ZHANG,Hongzhi SHENG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 142-147 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0357-7

摘要： The analysis of the failure mechanics, namely hydrogen permeation of vacuum insulated tubing (VIT), indicated that the failure of VIT could be decreased but could not be avoided. To solve this problem, some measures by using non-vacuum materials were proposed and analyzed in this paper. The results show that to fill the tubing with foam-glass beads or high pressure argon may lead to a good performance.

关键词： vacuum insulated tubing     cyclic steam stimulation     insulation material     thermal conductivity     foam-glass     hydrogen permeation    

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Self-catalytic pyrolysis thermodynamics of waste printed circuit boards with co-existing metals

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1581-0

摘要：

● The co-existing metals in WPCBs has positive catalytic influence in pyrolysis.

关键词： Waste printed circuit board     Catalyst     Pyrolysis     Kinetics    

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Co-pyrolysis of sludge and kaolin/zeolite in a rotary kiln: Analysis of stabilizing heavy metals

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1488-1

摘要：

• Adding kaolin/zeolite promotes the formation of stable heavy metals.

关键词： Co-pyrolysis     Sewage sludge     Heavy metals     Rotary kiln     Immobilization mechanism    

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Toward better understanding vacuum ultraviolet–iodide induced photolysis via hydrogen peroxide formation

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1489-0

摘要：

• UV/VUV/I– induces substantial H2O2 and IO3– formation, but UV/I– does not.

关键词： Vacuum ultraviolet     Hydrogen peroxide     Iodate     Hydroxyl radical     Redox transition    

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Theoretical study on the mechanism of sulfur migration to gas in the pyrolysis of benzothiophene

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 334-346 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2209-4

摘要： The release and control of sulfur species in the pyrolysis of fossil fuels and solid wastes have attracted attention worldwide. Particularly, thiophene derivatives are important intermediates for the sulfur gas release from organic sulfur, but the underlying migration mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, the mechanism of sulfur migration during the release of sulfur-containing radicals in benzothiophene pyrolysis was explored through quantum chemistry modeling. The C1-to-C2 H-transfer has the lowest energy barrier of 269.9 kJ·mol–1 and the highest rate constant at low temperatures, while the elevated temperature is beneficial for C−S bond homolysis. 2-Ethynylbenzenethiol is the key intermediate for the formation of S and SH radicals with the overall energy barriers of 408.0 and 498.7 kJ·mol–1 in favorable pathways. The generation of CS radicals is relatively difficult because of the high energy barrier (551.8 kJ·mol–1). However, it can be significantly promoted by high temperatures, where the rate constant exceeds that for S radical generation above 930 °C. Consequently, the strong competitiveness of S and SH radicals results in abundant H2S during benzothiophene pyrolysis, and the high temperature is more beneficial for CS2 generation from CS radicals. This study lays a foundation for elucidating sulfur migration mechanisms and furthering the development of pyrolysis techniques.

关键词： benzothiophene     sulfur migration     pyrolysis     density functional theory    

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Effect of / molecular structures on pyrolysis performance and heat sink of decalin isomers

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2375-z

摘要： Decalin is considered as an important compound of high-energy-density endothermic fuel, which is an ideal on-board coolant for thermal management of advanced aircraft. However, decalin contains two isomers with a tunable composition, and their effects on the pyrolysis performance, such as the heat sink and coking tendency have not been demonstrated. Herein, we investigated the pyrolysis of decalin isomers, i.e., cis-decalin, trans-decalin and their mixtures (denoted as mix-decalin), in order to clarify the effects of the cis-/trans-structures on the pyrolysis performance of decalin fuels. The pyrolysis results confirmed that conversion of the tested fuels (600–725 °C, 4 MPa) decreased in the order cis-decalin > mix-decalin > trans-decalin. Detailed analyses of the pyrolysis products were used to compare the product distributions from cis-decalin, mix-decalin and trans-decalin, and the yields of some typical components (such as cyclohexene, 1-methylcyclohexene, benzene and toluene) showed significant differences, which could be ascribed to deeper cracking of cis-decalin. Additionally, the heat sinks and coking tendencies of the decalins decreased in the order cis-decalin > mix-decalin > trans-decalin. This work demonstrates the relationship between the cis/trans structures and the pyrolysis performance of decalin, which provides a better understanding of the structure-activity relationships of endothermic hydrocarbon fuels.

关键词： endothermic fuel     decalin     pyrolysis     heat sink     molecular structure    

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Fast and catalytic pyrolysis of xylan: Effects of temperature and M/HZSM-5 (M= Fe, Zn) catalysts on pyrolytic

Xifeng ZHU, Qiang LU, Wenzhi LI, Dong ZHANG,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 424-429 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0015-z

摘要： Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was employed to achieve fast pyrolysis of xylan and on-line analysis of pyrolysis vapors. Tests were conducted to investigate the effects of temperature on pyrolytic products, and to reveal the effect of HZSM-5 and M/HZSM-5 (M= Fe, Zn) zeolites on pyrolysis vapors. The results showed that the total yield of pyrolytic products first increased and then decreased with the increase of temperature from 350°C to 900°C. The pyrolytic products were complex, and the most abundant products included hydroxyacetaldehyde, acetic acid, 1-hydroxy-2-propanone, 1-hydroxy-2-butanone and furfural. Catalytic cracking of pyrolysis vapors with HZSM-5 and M/HZSM-5 (M= Fe, Zn) catalysts significantly altered the product distribution. Oxygen-containing compounds were reduced considerably, and meanwhile, a lot of hydrocarbons, mainly toluene and xylenes, were formed. M/HZSM-5 catalysts were more effective than HZSM-5 in reducing the oxygen-containing compounds, and therefore, they helped to produce higher contents of hydrocarbons than HZSM-5.

关键词： xylan     fast pyrolysis     catalytic pyrolysis     Py-GC/MS     HZSM-5    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Comparative study on the efficiency and environmental impact of two methods of utilizing polyvinyl chloride waste based on life cycle assessments

WU Yuehui,WANG Guoliang,WANG Zhen,LIU Yi,GU Ping,SUN Dezhi

期刊论文

Effects of temperature on pyrolysis products of oil sludge

LIU Jianguo, SONG Wei, NIE Yongfeng

期刊论文

Integrated adsorption and absorption process for post-combustion CO

Gongkui Xiao, Penny Xiao, Andrew Hoadley, Paul Webley

期刊论文

Recent advances in the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass

Changwei HU, Yu YANG, Jia LUO, Pan PAN, Dongmei TONG, Guiying LI

期刊论文

Lateral displacement of soft ground under vacuum pressure and surcharge load

Chin-Yee ONG, Jin-Chun CHAI

期刊论文

Numerical study of conduction and radiation heat losses from vacuum annulus in parabolic trough receivers

Dongqiang LEI, Yucong REN, Zhifeng WANG

期刊论文

Thermodynamic analysis of reaction pathways and equilibrium yields for catalytic pyrolysis of naphtha

期刊论文

interconnected nano-channels into polyvinylidene fluoride membranes for desalination applications by vacuum

期刊论文

Novel methods by using non-vacuum insulated tubing to extend the lifetime of the tubing

Chenglong ZHOU,Guojin ZHU,Yongxiang XU,Jifei YU,Xiaoliang ZHANG,Hongzhi SHENG

期刊论文

Self-catalytic pyrolysis thermodynamics of waste printed circuit boards with co-existing metals

期刊论文

Co-pyrolysis of sludge and kaolin/zeolite in a rotary kiln: Analysis of stabilizing heavy metals

期刊论文

Toward better understanding vacuum ultraviolet–iodide induced photolysis via hydrogen peroxide formation

期刊论文

Theoretical study on the mechanism of sulfur migration to gas in the pyrolysis of benzothiophene

期刊论文

Effect of / molecular structures on pyrolysis performance and heat sink of decalin isomers

期刊论文

Fast and catalytic pyrolysis of xylan: Effects of temperature and M/HZSM-5 (M= Fe, Zn) catalysts on pyrolytic

Xifeng ZHU, Qiang LU, Wenzhi LI, Dong ZHANG,

期刊论文